1. Policy background and main measures The CPC Central Committee and State Council attached great importance to rural collective assets management work, and raised specific requirements in all previous No. 1 documents. The 2016 No.l document clearly specified to focus on the investigation and punishment of issues that infringed farmers' rights and interests including false claim and collection, interception and personal division, and corruption and embezzlement in the fields of land acquisition, agricultural capital, poverty alleviation and exploitation, and "sanzi" (capital, assets and resources) management. To implement the spirit of central No. 1 document, in 2016，the MoA mainly adopted the following measures, which laid solid foundation for safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of rural collective economic organizations and the general farmers, and promoting rural social harmony and stability.
1) Carried out the establishment of the third batch of national rural collective "sanzi" (capital, assets and resources) management demonstration counties. In 2012 and 2014, the MoA respectively organized and launched the establishment work of two batches of national rural collective "sanzi" management demonstration counties, and determined 310 demonstration counties in total, and practically promoted the systematization, standardization, and informatization of national rural collective assets management. In order to fully play the demonstration and driving role of models, the MoA issued Notice on Launching the Establishment Work or Third Batch of National Rural Collective "Sanzi" Management Demonstration County, determined 190 counties (cities, districts) including Changping District of Beijing as the third batch of demonstration counties, and lifted national rural collective "sanzi" management work to a new level.
2) Put forward the top-level design for comprehensively enhancing rural collective assets management. Promoted the release of State Councirs Opinion on Steadily Promoting Rural Collective Property Rights System Reform, and made overall requirement for reinforcing rural collective assets management in new era. In the aspect of collective assets liquidation and confirmation, should conduct comprehensive work in all of the various assets, clear collective background, improve management system, prevent assets loss, and strive to basically complete within about 3 years. In the aspect of specifying collective assets ownership, should base on collective assets liquidation and confirmation, confirm the ownership rights to the member collective of each level of rural collective economic organizations, and these organizations will exercise ownership on behalf of collective according to law. In aspect of enhancing collective assets financial management, should reinforce the auditing and supervision of rural collective economic organizations, improve the financial and accounting system of rural collective economic organizations, and speed up the construction of supervision and management platform for rural collective assets.
3) Organized the baseline investigation for national rural property rights transfer and trade market. Researched and enacted a baseline investigation plan for the national rural property rights transfer and trade market construction situation, designed investigation indicators and report system, and deployed the launch of nationwide investigation. On the basis of each province's (autonomous regions and municipalities under direct central government) investigation, formed a research report for national rural property rights transfer and trade market construction situation, systematically analyzed the construction progress and transaction situation for rural property rights transfer and trade market and rural collective assets supervision and management platform, with obvious achievement and exiting issues, raised next step of work recommendation, and promoted standardized transaction of rural property rights and informatized supervision of collective assets.
2. Main effects achieved
1) Established demonstration counties, and played the leading and driving role of models. Seizing the opportunity of establishing national rural collective "sanzi" management demonstration counties, each region completed the setting of organization teams, improved management system, consolidated work foundation, standardized archive management, enhanced supervision and inspection, and promoted national rural collective assets management work to achieve new results and step onto new level. Currently, the MoA already determined three batches of 500 national rural collective "sanzi" management demonstration counties, which played a good model guiding and driving role and achieved very good effects, gaining the full recognition of each level of governments and agricultural departments.
2) Improved rules and regulations, and promoted rural social harmony and stability. Via enhancing rural collective assets and financial management, the MoA set up and improved relevant rules and regulations, and further standardized the financial management behavior rural collective assets, which on one hand, dismissed farmers' doubts and dissolved farmer-cadre conflicts, and on the other hand, boosted the enthusiasm of farmers to participate in collective assets management, promoting collective economic development and safeguarding members' property rights and interests. Fully played the democratic supervision function of the mass people in resource contracting, project construction, and tendering and bidding, and changed the previous post-supervision to whole-process supervision, which includes supervision prior, during, and after the matter, which standardized the behavior of villages cadres, and stemmed the corruption behaviors which impact farmers.
3) Set up management platforms, and enhanced collective assets management approaches. To consolidate the achievement of assets liquidation and confirmation, each region set up rural collective assets management information-based system featured with the functions including "classified management, real-time monitoring, early warning and error correction, data sharing, and information service"，and comprehensively lifted the level of rural collective assets supervision and management. Currently, 40 prefectures or cities, 499 counties and 2 262 towns nationwide independently set up rural collective assets supervision and management platform at each corresponding level, and Beijing, Heilongjiang Province, Shanghai and Gansu Province, among others, realized the transformation of provincial (or municipal) level to village-level collective assets information-based management.
